By Caroline Salas Gage and Liz Capo McCormick - Jul 31, 2012 12:21 AM GMT+0400
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke may be taking another look at cutting the interest rate the Fed pays on bank reserves to bring down short-term borrowing costs and spur the slowing U.S. expansion.
Bernanke testified to Congress on July 17 that reducing the rate from its current 0.25 percent is one of several easing steps the Fed might take to reduce unemployment stuck above 8 percent for more than three years. In February, by contrast, the Fed chairman told Congress that lowering the rate might drive away investors from short-term money markets.
Ben S. Bernanke, chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve. Photographer: Joshua Roberts/Bloomberg
July 27 (Bloomberg) -- John Taylor, chairman and chief executive officer of FX Concepts LLC, talks about the European debt crisis, the U.S. economy and Federal Reserve policy. Taylor, speaking with Sara Eisen on Bloomberg Television's "Money Moves," also discusses the outlook for currencies. (Source: Bloomberg)
July 26 (Bloomberg) -- Stephen Stanley, chief economist at Pierpont Securities LLC, talks about the outlook for Federal Reserve policy and the U.S. economy. He speaks with Tom Keene, Sara Eisen and Scarlet Fu on Bloomberg Television's "Surveillance." (Source: Bloomberg)
July 25 (Bloomberg) -- Allen Sinai, chief executive officer of Decision Economics Inc., talks about the outlook for the Federal Reserve's policies. He speaks with Mark Crumpton on Bloomberg Television's "Bottom Line." (Source: Bloomberg)
July 25 (Bloomberg) -- Stephen Roach, a professor at Yale University and former non-executive chairman for Morgan Stanley in Asia, talks about the outlook for another round of stimulus from the Federal Reserve. Roach speaks with Betty Liu and Dominic Chu on Bloomberg Television's "In the Loop." (Source: Bloomberg)
July 30 (Bloomberg) -- Harm Bandholz, chief U.S. economist at UniCredit Group, talks about Federal Reserve monetary policy and economic outlook. Bandholz, speaking with Tom Keene and Scarlet Fu on Bloomberg Television's "Surveillance," also discusses the European debt crisis.
Ben S. Bernanke, chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve, waits to deliver his semiannual monetary policy report to the House Financial Services Committee in Washington. Photographer: Joshua Roberts/Bloomberg
| Sponsored Links | |||||||
“They’re reconsidering it,” said Ward McCarthy, a former Richmond Fed economist. A July 5 decision by the European Central Bank to cut its deposit rate to zero is prompting renewed interest in the strategy, said McCarthy, chief financial economist at Jefferies & Co. McCarthy said it’s unlikely the Fed will reduce the rate at a two-day meeting that starts tomorrow.
Policy makers meeting this week are looking for new monetary tools after the Fed lowered its benchmark interest rate to near zero in December 2008 and purchased $2.3 trillion of securities to spur the economy. A government report on July 27 showed economic growth slowed to a 1.5 percent annual rate in the second quarter as consumers curbed spending.
“They are at the end of their rope and are probably searching for every last option for what they can do,” said Michael Feroli, chief U.S. economist at JPMorgan Chase & Co. in New Yorkand a former economist for the Fed Board in Washington. “You can’t rule anything out because they’re going to flail around and try every last thing they can.”
Take Action
European stocks rose today to their highest level since April on speculation policy makers will take action to ease the debt crisis. ECB President Mario Draghi meets with U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner in Frankfurt today after leaders in Berlin, Paris and Rome backed him by saying they will do what’s needed to protect the 17-nation euro.
The benchmark Stoxx Europe 600 Index rose 1.6 percent to 263.94 at the close, while the Standard and Poor’s 500 Index decreased less than 0.1 percent to 1,385.3 at the 4 p.m. close in New York on concern the 3.6 percent rally over the prior two days had outpaced the economic outlook.
Economic confidence in the euro area fell in July more than economists forecast to the lowest in almost three years, suggesting the economy’s slump extended into the third quarteras governments struggled to tame the debt crisis. An index of executive and consumer sentiment in 17-nation euro area dropped to 87.9 from 89.9 in June, the European Commission in Brussels said today.
Aid Growth
Japan’s industrial production unexpectedly declined and South Korean manufacturers’ confidence dropped to a three-year low, building the case for extra monetary and fiscal measures to aid growth. Production fell 0.1 percent in June from May, when it slid 3.4 percent, Japan’s Trade Ministry said today. The South Korean confidence index for August was at 70 after 81 for July, the central bank said.
The Fed may extend its time frame for keeping interest rates low beyond late 2014 at the coming meeting, Feroli said. Another option mentioned by Bernanke is a new round of large- scale bond purchases, which McCarthy said is more likely to occur later this year than in August.
Central banks around the world are digging deeper into their tool kits in search of innovative ways to unclog bank lending. The FOMC meeting ends one day before Draghi’s Governing Council and Bank of England Governor Mervyn King’s Monetary Policy Committee.
Cutting Rate
The institutions’ last meetings ended with the Fed prolonging its Operation Twist program to extend the maturities of assets on its balance sheet, the ECB cutting its benchmark rate to a record low 0.75 percent and the BOE restarting bond buying.
By reducing the interest it pays on excess reserves, a central bank gives financial institutions an incentive to shift their money into lending that yields a higher return. The aim is to expand the supply of credit and speed economic growth.
Excess reserves have mushroomed as the Fed bought securities from banks in its bid to lower long-term interest rates. The amount of such reserves at the Fed was $1.49 trillion on July 25, up from $991 billion at the end of 2010 and $2.4 billion at the end of 2007, Fed data show.
Traders have speculated the Fed will follow the ECB, pushing short-term rates lower in the U.S., according to Jim Lee, head of U.S. derivative strategy at Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc’s RBS Securities Inc. in Stamford, Connecticut. The fed funds effective rate fell to 14 basis points on July 27 from 17 basis points on July 5. A basis point is 0.01 percentage point.
No Disruptions
“Part of the reason for the demand this month for short- term U.S. debt has been due to speculation that the Fed will cut the IOER following the ECB’s move and given the lack of disruptions in European money markets,” Lee said in an interview, referring to the interest rate on excess reserves.
The yield on the two-year Treasury note fell to 0.23 percent today, down from 0.29 percent on July 5, while the implied yield for eurodollar futures that expire in December has fallen about 12 basis points during the period. The rate is based on expectations for three-month dollar Libor, or the London interbank offered rate.
“Clearly the market is purchasing some lottery tickets in case the Fed does cut the IOER,” Lee said. The Fed has held the rate at 25 basis points since December 2008.
After the ECB’s cut, deposits at the central bank fell to 321 billion euros ($396 billion) on July 26, the least since Dec. 21.
Investor Demand
The ECB’s move fueled investor demand for short-term sovereign debt from the region’s safest nations, including Germany, Austria, and Finland, driving rates lower, with some of them falling below zero for the first time. Investors holding debt with a negative yield to maturity will receive less than they paid to buy the securities.
The central bank’s action hasn’t caused significant disruptions in European markets, said Alex Roever, head of short-term fixed-income strategy at JPMorgan in New York.
Market stability following the ECB’s move has probably prompted Bernanke to reconsider, Feroli said. Rising short-term borrowing costs may have also made the tool more appealing.
The fed funds effective rate -- at 14 basis points on July 27 -- has increased from six basis points at the end of September. That month the Fed announced its Operation Twist plan extending the average maturity of bonds in its portfolio by selling short-term securities and buying longer-term debt.
Increase Leverage
Also, the average rate for borrowing and lending Treasuries for one day through repurchase agreements, or repos, rose to as high this year as 0.297 percent on July 2, from minus 0.001 percent at the end of last year, a Depository Trust & Clearing Corp. index of General Collateral Finance repos shows. The rate was 0.172 percent on July 27. Securities dealers use repos to finance holdings and increase leverage.
If Bernanke decided to lower the deposit rate, he would probably reduce it by about 10 or 12 basis points, instead of to zero, Feroli said.
A reduction may pose fewer political disadvantages than Bernanke’s other stimulus options, including an expansion of the Fed’s balance sheet. The central bank’s purchase of $2.3 trillion in securities during two rounds of so-called quantitative easing has drawn fire from lawmakers, including House Speaker John Boehner, an Ohio Republican, concerned about inflation risks.
Stop Paying
In contrast, some lawmakers have urged Bernanke to stop paying interest on reserves.
“What you’re actually doing by this is sort of incentivizing the banks” to “keep their excess reserves at the Fed,” Representative Scott Garrett, a Republican from New Jersey, said to Bernanke during Feb. 29 congressional testimony by the central bank chief. “Isn’t that sort of counter to what your policy should be?”
Bernanke said the benefits from a rate reduction would be “pretty small.” Also, a cut would risk triggering some “financial side effects.”
The Fed’s other stimulus tools include altering the language on the outlook for interest rates and using the so- called discount window for direct lending to banks, Bernanke said in July 17 congressional testimony.
“That’s a range of things that we could do,” Bernanke said. “Each one of them has costs and benefits, and that’s an important part of the calculation.”
An IOER reduction alone probably wouldn’t buoy economic growth, said George Goncalves, head of interest-rate strategy in New York at Nomura Holdings Inc., a primary dealer.
The Fed may make the cut “in combination with a change in communication policy” extending the Fed’s commitment to hold the main interest rate close to zero beyond late 2014, or paired with another round of quantitative easing, Goncalves said.
To contact the reporters on this story: Caroline Salas Gage in New York atcsalas1@bloomberg.net; Liz Capo McCormick in New York at emccormick7@bloomberg.net
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Chris Wellisz at cwellisz@bloomberg.net
